Essay --

The world as a whole has been using resources from the earth for thousands of years. We used fire for heat and to cook our foods, rocks metals as tools and weapons, and pissing as a source for drink and washing. As the population grew in numbers, so did the demand for the earths resources. It wasnt until the industrial age that the coupled States and receding countries began the sole use of fossil fuels to power homes, buildings, cites and vehicles. This increase in usage intensified the search and extraction of the demanded resources. The population of the world had exceeded four, five, and even six billion people, which put a strain on the earth and its recourses. Pollution increased and the atmosphere, water, land were affected drastically. The result of the burning of fossil fuels at such(prenominal) a high rates, caused a rapid depletion of the used fossil fuels. This lead to the search for alternative green zippo, including the use of waves (tidal power) to create electrici ty to meet our demands. Methods of extracting the energy from waves are being created, and others admit been put to use already. Wave energy is an environmentally safe form of hydropower that harnesses the energy from the up-and-down motion of ocean waves and converts it into electricity using the sole power of the tides. Tidal power uses the change in the high and low tides to the harness energy. These two types of energy provides us with another source we tummy use instead of the limited fossil fuels that we use today. Tidal energy is abundant in some parts of the world that have long periods of terrific tides. The wave power varies in all parts of the world, areas with abundant wave power include Australia, Scotland, southern Africa, northern Canada, and the northw... ...n it comes to using the waves, the energy is free because no fuel is needed and no waste by product. It is also relatively cheap to operate and maintain. The turbines drop produce significant amounts of e nergy which is amazing considering the inexpensive cost to maintain the sites. However, a suitable site is needed for this to function and work to potential. The waves need to be constantly strong to get the maximum output, and the turbines/generators have to measure up to the rough weather out in the ocean. The development of turbines and generators is very costly and they pose a possible threat to navigation from collisions ascribable to being low profile and above water, making it undetectable by direct sunlight or radar. The sites in which turbines and generators are set up can disrupt marine life, including the type and distribution of marine life near the shore.

Comparing Jon Scieszka and Lane Smith to Tim Burton :: Compare Contrast Comparison

Comparing Jon Scieszka and Lane Smith to Tim BurtonJon Scieszka and Lane Smiths Baloney (HENRY P.) and Tim Burtons The Nightmare Before Christmas illustrations encourage us to see the institution through a ill-shapen lens. I would like to compare how similar but yet how different the two illustrators are in the way they parade their work in a distorted view. Scieszka and Smith have made Henry P. a different kind of sci-fi adventure of a boy explaining to his instructor why he was late to school. Smith has detailed the illustrations as they follow what the text says with a distorted twist. For example, when Henry was explaining that he ended up on the planet astrosus with astro guys, Smith illustrated an astro guy with pointy eyebrows, a sharp nose, and a scarlet spiky tongue flicking out to catch Henry in his red shoes suit. The astro guy is not what we expect from an alien like creature, he had an odd shaped, distinctive head that would make heads turn twice. The effect of Smi ths illustrations here make us look at the world critically. Henrys red space suit makes you get a feel for his personality and makes you wonder why his story is interesting.Scieszka shows another distorted way of Henrys world of imagination, when Henry says, I was only three seconds away from zerplatzen all over the speelplaats (Scieszka). Smith creates this by showing the backside of Henry (focal point) move through the red space, past the white shadowy moon. One of his silver gloves flying alone through the air by the odd, jagged, red rocks. Smith varies the in your face colors surrounding Henry to make him look like he is actually falling through space. The streaks pointing toward the center (Henry) creates a striking attend by the brightness of the tones.Henry said, I suddenly remembered...that falling bodies obey the law of gravity. And I havent learned the law of gravity yet. So I halt and came to szkola (Scieszka). Smith does not let him stall in space, he has him floatin g in the red sky among the orange-whitish clouds with sparkles in his eyes. The green of Henrys body and clothes contrasts with the red/orange and makes him the focus of the page. The illustrations do not pay attention to gravity by being off balance. Smith has made this story colorful and enkindle through his illustrations.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Essays Papers

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was written by an unknown author in all likelihood between 1375 and 1400. It is one of the greatest medieval poems ever composed. The passage that describes the fox hunt and the last day spent by Sir Gawain in the castle is central to the entire poem. In it, all the individual character lines come together and are tied tightly together that of Sir Gawain, who commits a sin for the first time in his life, that of the beautiful chick, who tries to seduce the knight, and that of the churchman, who, as we find out later, is the Green Knight himself. The lord and Sir Gawain agree to exchange the days gains with all(prenominal) other over the period of three days, and on two previous occasions, Arthurs best knight has kept his promise. But on the day that the passage describes, the lady gives Gawain a girdle that she says can save him from certain death, and we are about to find out whether Sir Gawain can be totally honest . The passage starts with the third interpretation of a hunt in the poem. The first hunt is for a deer, and the second hunt is for a boar. Both times, the lord kills the animals, brings them home and gives them to Sir Gawain. Arthurs knight, keeping his part of the agreement, gives the lord his gains for the day (which turn out to be the ladys kisses). In this passage, the lord is hunting a fox. The choice of the animal, in this as in the previous hunts, is not inadvertent it symbolizes Sir Gawains future sin. The description is very detailed. Interestingly, the fox is mentioned by a human name, Sir Reynard, which is a typical name for a fox in medieval tales. That probably indicates the respect that hunters (or the unknown author) have for this clever and cunning creature. While the hunt is going on, Sir Gawain is celebrating at the lords house after his third morning meeting with the lady. He already possesses the girdle. Being a smart person, he must have assessed his situation by that time and come to a decision to conceal the belt. However, the concomitant that he is about to lie doesnt bother him With the ladies, that loved him, he lingered at ease...(Norton, 1927).

Your Writing Style Essay -- Writing Writers Education Essays

Your Writing Style How can one person know what good elan is when writing a writing? Where is it written that we as students should have to follow specific guidelines while writing? Anyone wanting to make their writing clear, precise, and only when correct will usually movement following some type of guideline, or bulk in order to perfect their own writing behavior. After reading both The Elements of Style by Strunk and White, and also Williamss Style toward Clarity and Grace I can see why teachers discuss these books as tools for correcting and perfecting their students writing, and style. While at the same era understand someone out of the classroom setting, brushes up on their skills in writing with these books before they have to complete some type of report that demand to be concrete and readable. Students and other writers should understand that while these books can be effective tools they simply atomic number 18 that a tool and not a style t hat should be studied, and copied word for word. In these two variant forms of writing and style that are addressed by both authors I feel they are targeting different audiences that have two dissimilar styles. These books are great tools for perfecting our style as writers, but they should not be relied on too heavily by the writer. Everyone has a different angle of style they go for in their writing these books simply either enhance that style, or with books like Strunk and Whites curtail that style into one of the authors. Making a style ones own is something most writers struggle with in the classroom and through out their careers because there are various types of books all claiming to be the Bible of style. These books are all geared toward... ... broad audience develop their own style, rather than copying his. Each book can benefit a student or person struggling to find the correct writing style for them, but they should understand these are simply guidanc e books to be used as tools, and not only way to write and use style correctly. Their style will develop over period when they implement some of these elements/rules with their own words. Works CitedJamison, Larry. Assignment 3 STRUNK-A-SAURUS VS TERRA-X-WILLIAMS. February 16, 2004. Larry Jamisons Blog. ljamison.blogspot.com (March 7, 2004)Newsom, Paula. No Title. February 10, 2004. Paula Newsoms Blog. paulanewsom.blogspot.com (March 7, 2004)Strunk, William and White, E.B. The Elements of Style. New York Longman, 2000.Williams, Joseph. Style toward Clarity and Grace. Chicago, IL The University of Chicago Press, 1990.

Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Hi, my name is Mary Smith, and I want to welcome you all to the County High train graduation ceremony tonight. I came to County High School four years ago. As soon as I walked onto the campus I knew it was the right place for me. In fact if I were to describe CHS in matchless word it would be family. Everyone here, students and staff, atomic number 18 the most understanding, supportive and encouraging group of people you could find. It is because of my family that I am graduating today. My journey to this day has been filled with many challenges. I dropped out of school day thinking that I did not need a high school diploma to accomplish the things I wanted in life. That was a mistake. Finding myself behind in credits, I enrolled in FAHS hoping to get back on track. The foundation for success was here. just now soon after, I became pregnant and odd school again. I was able to return to school because of the daycare at FAHS. I was more motivated this time around to find my ambi tion of graduating. But my road took another unexpected turn leaving me a teen mom now to two. Once again with the help of the FAHS daycare I returned to school With the support of my family my dream is becoming a reality. All of the other students here have stories of their own to tell. Stories of what brought them to FAHS, stories of what kept them here and stories of the obstacles they have had to overcome in their lives. They are about tragedy and triumph, success and failure and of will and determination to follow their dreams. It has been the dream of each and every student here tonight to graduate and that dream is finally coming true. To my fellow graduates, I encourage you to continue to dream big. Whatever your goal is in life - dream to the next level. Believe me when I tell you that you can go farther than you think you can go. People who fail to dream do so because they cannot believe their dreams will come true. never stop dreaming. James Dean once said, Dream as if yo ull live forever. Live as if youll die today. On behalf of my fellow graduates, I would like to puree a special thanks to the staff at FAHS. You had so much faith in all of us.

Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Hi, my name is Mary Smith, and I want to welcome you all to the County High School graduation sacrament tonight. I came to County High School four years ago. As in brief as I walked onto the campus I knew it was the right place for me. In fact if I were to describe CHS in one word it would be family. Everyone hither, students and staff, are the most understanding, supportive and encouraging group of people you could find. It is because of my family that I am graduating to sidereal day. My journey to this day has been filled with many challenges. I dropped out of school thinking that I did not need a high school diploma to accomplish the things I wanted in life. That was a mistake. Finding myself behind in credits, I enrolled in FAHS hoping to get back on track. The foundation for success was here. But soon after, I became pregnant and left school again. I was able to return to school because of the daycare at FAHS. I was more motivated this time about to find my woolgather of gra duating. But my road took another unexpected turn leaving me a teen mom now to two. Once again with the service of process of the FAHS daycare I returned to school With the support of my family my dream is becoming a reality. All of the other students here accept stories of their own to tell. Stories of what brought them to FAHS, stories of what kept them here and stories of the obstacles they have had to overcome in their lives. They are about tragedy and triumph, success and failure and of will and determination to follow their dreams. It has been the dream of each and every student here tonight to graduate and that dream is finally coming true. To my lad graduates, I encourage you to continue to dream big. Whatever your goal is in life - dream to the next level. Believe me when I tell you that you can go farther than you think you can go. People who fail to dream do so because they cannot suppose their dreams will come true. Never stop dreaming. James Dean once said, Dream as if youll live forever. Live as if youll die today. On behalf of my fellow graduates, I would like to extend a special thanks to the staff at FAHS. You had so much faith in all of us.

If Thought Corrupts Language, Language Can Also Corrupt Thought

I am going to conduct an experiment by comparing and contrasting the linguistic choices between two newspaper articles with antithetical views on the same event but different representations of the event and other aspects strategically placed to determine whether words have the power to manipulate or persuade ones rulings through the ideologies of their own. Article 1s headline is more elaborated and habituates much more animated lexical choices, which paint more of a translate in the subscribers mind.Article 2 is more simplified and straight to the point, summarising bluntly. A1 is in the present tense to give a more dramatic effect and contribute impact. A2s lexical choice evicted is in a past tense as if to opine, the decision has already been made. The rest of the sentence is in a future tense, emphasising the certainty of the eviction. A2 is in a passive voice drawing attention away from the doers. A1s in an active voice, drawing focus to the positive actions. A1s cha ir foc workouts the subject on the confrontation using lexical choices to create an effect of epicenes, representing the travellers like freedom fighters.A2s lead focuses on the matter in handwriting and the Councils demands. Both leads reflect the ideologies of the writers. Both articles were selective on the choice of quotes ensuring they reflected the ideologies of the articles. A1 mainly uses sources considered with healthy credentials because people usually listen to and respect points from authority figures and thusly are more likely to correspond or be persuaded by them, also because elite sources are considered newsworthy by the media. The articles use unidentified sources to abandon ideological responsibilities.The specific sources they use really reflect their overall ideological message. Both use representatives i. e. Council spokesman and a source instead of specifying the actor, which indicates writers doubts or contention over the facts (Bell. A 1991) or it may not suit the articles representation. A1 uses a forgiving interest figure to put the matter into perspective because the travellers views may still be rather bias and propagandarish. A1 avoids labelling council sources with professional titles to devalue their quote, in one case they use a marital title instead in- enact to derogate their authority.A2 uses qualifier epitope + noun phrase (the Dale Farm) to label travellers to subtly disclaim allegations of prejudice, emphasising dispute with that specific community. Both use a first name basis source to indicate their support. A1 bye labels represent the authorities negatively to demean them. A2s qualifiers were quite neutral, perhaps because the writer was more focused on justifying their actions rather than belittling the travellers. A1 mentions support of respected universe figures i. e. celebs, Bishop and UN worker.A2 mentions political figures as support, readers respect elite views and might think if they believe its right o r wrong then it must be. A1s sequence of information is in an anachronical order, throwing the reader into the scene before elaborating and adding further cohesion. They lay down the ground work and build suspense before arriver the climax 1. Sets scene of confrontation to grab audiences attention. 2. Celebration pictures. 3. Reasons for celebrating (injunction). 4. Pictures of travellers defence strategies. 5. Councils response to injunction. 6.Issues politics. 7. Opposing army pictures. 8. Preparations for war. 9. protagonist pictures. 10. Architecture eviction plans. 11. Finale battle. A2s sequence is more structured in the sense of opening, body and conclusion, sought of an open and shut case. 1. finding of fact outline decision. 2. Dispute. 3. Support. 4. Negotiations. 5. Threats. 6. Remorse. 7. Selective traveller sources. 8. Resistance. 9. Plea. 10. Denied. What is mentioned and not mentioned is a clear indication of the writers intentions on the representation of the a rticle. Each article is coming from n ideological view point with every linguistic choice made. A2 makes excessive use of modal verb will, to reinforce the Councils authority as in to say the travellers will comply and nobody is above the law, this gives inkling that the writer is more conservative. A1 uses a lot of modal verbs expressing probability, therefore devaluing the Councils authority revealing a more liberal attitude. A2 is tactful when using pronouns, i. e. personal pronoun we is used frequently to give the readers a feeling of inclusivity, so that the Council can align themselves with the reader.Both discourses make use of the 3rd person pronouns i. e. they, them and their but A2 uses it in the context to distinguish between us and them further aligning themselves with the reader. A1 uses it to avoid repetition. Both articles use rhetorical questions, which forces the reader to agree with the question and provokes them to think about the question. i. e. is there not equa lity under the law of this country? and what are we doing throwing these people into destitution? Do we exigency more poverty in the country? A1 uses antithesis i. e. arent complicated. larmingly simple and Is there, or is there not. A2 uses forgiving rights for minorities, but.. majority have human rights too this is used to make the argument stronger and by contrasting the two opposites it forces the reader to compare the two musical themes and therefore puts emphasis on the intended imagination adding impact. A1s extraposition take a stand if we dont this will just carry on with other traveller communities adds weight to their point by enlarging the counterweight of the statement and adding more conviction to their argument. Both use three part lists i. e. Police, council and bailiffs, orange, yellow and blue, their homes, their land, the money theyve spent etc. because people are lucky with things that come in three and it gives the sentence rhythm making it more memorabl e.A1 uses plenty of metaphors small platoon, opposing forces etc. This paints a more elaborate picture in the readers minds and stimulates their imagination. Also it adds colour to the text and can have powerful emotional connotations, therefore being a powerful weighty tool. A2 uses very few metaphors but for the purpose of figurative speech i. e. go on the table and weight behind this is to express a complex idea through the comparison of two ideas, which has the effect of simplifying the idea intended to be expressed. A1 uses copious amounts of collocations dominantly in metaphoric models i. e. stand-off, hard-standing etc. to add a spirit level of epicenes. The drop of collocations used by A2 suggests that they want to de-dramatize the confrontation and keep the matter in perspective. A1 uses lots of epithets i. e. long-awaited, last-stand, latest twist etc. this adds flavor to the lexemes provoking a degree of suspense.A2s lack of epithets suggest that they want to present t he information bluntly. Both use many presuppositions, for example the sketch saying leave the site or the LibDem conference will be transmitted. the implicature is that the authorities cannot do anything except talk. or the court will find in the Councils, presuming that the court will agree with them or we are doing the right thing because it is a breach in criminal law, the presumption is that they k at a time what is right but what may be legal in one country may be illegal in another, so doesnt really determine what is right and what is wrong.An implicature of if you are human beings. imply that to have morals is to be human, which is a strong statement because it pries on the readers moral values. Presuppositions reveal the ideologies of the writer and manipulates or persuades the reader towards their perspective of the matter. A2 uses the kick the bucket bites the time for talking in almost over Sound bites capture the overall message of the writers intentions and are attent ion grabbers, making the statement much more memorable.Both Articles are in a declarative mood because they both have the primary purpose to inform and both choose different lexis to represent the articles differently. A1 uses a theatrical approach in their lexical choices, painting a more elaborate picture and dramatizes the discourse. They use lots of emotive speech communication, with strong connotations i. e. dangerous, pleasance etc. This draws on the readers emotions and therefore persuades them to agree with their point of view. A2 uses less emotive diction and uses more of a descripted approach, this is a registry tactic, choosing a more political register.As a broadsheet The Guardian in general is more aimed at professionals and may consider their readers as intelligent and therefore presume that they want a more descriptive and informative discourse. The discourse is formal and they use more complex lexis and Standard English to reflect their stereotypical audience of u pper nerve center class readers. The Mail is a tabloid aimed generally at the working class and has a secondary purpose to entertain, thus why the language is more informal. They use imple and frequently colloquial and non-standard lexis because if you use the language of your readers it strengthens your persuasion because they can identify with the linguistics and so the writer can manipulate the readers thoughts through language theyre familiar with. A1 makes good use of pre-modifiers i. e. last gasp, tense etc. to add suspense and climax. The lexis chosen by the papers have been specially chosen to have a certain amount of impact/effect on the reader in-order to manipulate the readers perspective to homogenize with their ideologies.The angle of facts from A2 represents the travellers as a burden to society, whereas A1 angle of facts represents the travellers as fighting for their human rights Both use the euphemism travellers A1 uses ethnic minority and A2 minority, physical su pport and physical solidarity this is so that they are politically correct in some cases and to not cause offence to the reader and to turn a negative into a positive to a degree. note the repetition to emphasize physical. A1 and A2 dominantly use passive sentences in their discourses but for different effects.A1 plays on the passiveness of the process transitivity in order to victimize the travellers and draw attention to the doers bad actions. A2s passive sentences draw attention away from the doers. A1 uses nominalisation i. e. joy, happy, dangerous process etc. This is to emphasize their good properties/actions(A. mooney 2011 p70) and maintain the positive aspects by disregarding the doer. The writers use over-wording, this is to reinforce the overall massage of that representation. A1 uses the equivalence of homelessinto destitution? .. more poverty? And A2 uses racist, as it is now politically correctethnic minority. This adds lexical cohesion and emphasizes the statements p oints adding impact. A2 uses contrastive pair if they cant live in a scrapyard, where can they live? By contrasting these two pairs they put emphasis on the pair which has priority for the function of the statement, adding extra impact. A1 makes intentional use of alliteration i. e. Battle of Basildon, Death of hazard etc. Alliteration makes the phrase catchy and memorable adding impact.A1s copious amounts of pictures entices the readers almost placing them at the scene. The pictures have been strategically selected to represent the travellers in a positive light. They use symbolism in some pictures using arms aloft gesture which is associated with revolutionists and somewhat represents them as freedom fighters. The pictures were predominantly women and also use gender labels i. e. female, woman, maybe this was because women are perceived as less threatening than men therefore less aggressive, which will have more of a positive representation.Both articles use the circus tent lar gest but for slightly different effect. A1 uses it to increase the scale of the scene, which escalates the picture. But A2 adds the post-modifier Irish to draw attention to the members and size of the community which people might negatively assort as gypsies. This experiment reinforces the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativism being that language has a bearing on the way we think It also adds collateral to the theory of newspeak in that by controlling language you can also control thought(A.Mooney 2011 p32, p41). So to conclude I agree with Orwell (1998) that language can corrupt thought because as weve discovered using particular linguistic choices can have a particular persuasive effect on the readers and therefore can be used to manipulate or change ones perspective towards the writers ideological view but at the same time everybody is an individual with their own ideologies and perspectives, so yes language can corrupt thought but may not necessarily do so.BIBLOGRAPHY * Mooney. A 2011 Language, Society and Power introduction, Routledge London * Bell. A 1991 The Language of red-hot Media, Blackwell Oxford * Fowler. R 1991 Language in the News discourse and ideology in the press, Routledge London

In the Time of the Butterflies Analysis

Analysis of Alv arzs In the Time of the Butterflies In the Time of the Butterflies, written by Julia Alvarez, is the flooring of four sisters who take an emotional journey plot becoming a symbol of hope in the corrupt Dominican Republic, as they seek to make a political revolution. Through come in the story, we dig deeper into apiece sisters life and learn more about her individual traits. In the phonograph record, Alvarez makes the Mirabal sisters come alive end-to-end the book with her use of foreshadowing, expounded impersonation, and pick of detail.The more the reader journeys farther into the book, the more the aforementioned catchs become of importance Throughout In the Time of the Butterflies Alvarez does an impressive job victimisation selection of detail to create a strong mental image of the characters and setting for the reader. In the opening lines of Chapter One Dede describes the area of where she lives as the interview woman is coming everywhere soon when s he says, The woman will never find the archaic house behind the edge of towering hibiscus at the bend of the dirt course (3).By using visual imagery Alvarez gives a clear description of where the Mirabal sisters reside. The sisters live in the foothills of the tobacco fields, a very unpopulated area, which is hard to find as no street signs exist in the country. On the way home from Trujillos residence after the disastrous skit put on by the sisters Alvarez writes,As the road darkened, the beams of our headlights filled with hundreds of blinded moths. Where they hit the windshield, they left hazy marks, until it seemed like I was looking at the world through a curtain of tears (29).Alvarez compares the blurry marks to a curtain of tears, giving the reader a sense of the somber mood in the car. Alvarez tells of the dismal mood because the sisters had let Sor Asuncion down, she was not happy they didnt act as the ornaments of the nation as they were supposed to. Sor Asuncion was te lling Patria to pray to the Virgencita for guidance in her future involving the church when Patria says, And I prayed with her, a Hail Mary and an Our Father, and I tried hard but I could not keep my eyes from straying to the flame trees, their blossoms tumbling in the wind of the coming storm. (47). By using great detail the reader can almost imagine the flame trees swaying before them with their blossoms turning in presence of their own eyes. The credit brings Patrias character alive as well, giving the reader a look into one the key aspects of her life, religion. Selection of detail is and one of three literary devices used In the Time of the Butterflies that makes it an exciting book it compels the reader to continue reading as the characters and scenery comes to life.Alvarez consistently uses the device of foreshadowing to drop subtle hints of what is to come later in the book. Dede was helping her catch up the stairs after he had discussed their possible futures with them on a clear moonlit night, when Alvarez writes, She realizes that her future is the only future he really told (10). Referring to Dede, a possible plot line that is constant throughout the book is revealed by her father she will be the only sister of the four to survive the revolution.Dede gives the interview women a quick tour of the house, and when walking down the hallway Alvarez describes it, There are three pictures of the girls, old favorites that are now emblazoned on the posters every November, making these once intimate snapshots seem too famous to be the sisters she knew (5). The same storyline is mentioned in the quote three of the sisters have a picture on the wall, but Dede does not because shes the only one still alive.With the sisters having pictures of them on the walls that were considered old favorites it foreshadows their deaths at the end of the book. Chapter four begins with Patria describing her childhood from the day she was born , Even being born, I was coming out, hands first, as if reaching up for something (44). This quote foreshadows Patrias loving character that the reader discovers later in the book. Patria loves automatically and is naturally generous which is later shown with her early commitment in life to the church.In In the Time of the Butterflies foreshadowing lays the foundation for the rest of the book, which is vital for the reader to grasp. Alvarez uses detailed characterization to give the reader a clear idea of the characters personality as well as their physical appearance. Minerva begins chapter two by comparing herself, Some terms, watching the rabbits in their pens, Id think, Im no different from you, short things (11). She compares herself to a rabbit stuck in their pen Minerva is living at home with her parents and cannot find a way to get out from their grasp.Alvarez gives a look into Minervas life being one of Papas little girls as well as being the second youngest of the four sisters, a tough stake to leave. In one of Mates earliest diary entries we get a look into her young mind, Mate writes, I had such a time deciding between the patent leather and white leather for church today. I finally settled for the white pair as Mama picked those out for my first Communion, and I wanted her to feel that they were still my favorites (36).This quote shows us how Mate is not yet involved in the complexities of the revolution and is more broken about what clothes shes wearing, giving the reader insight into another sisters character. Before the volleyball game at Tio Pepes where Dede was looking to impress Lio, Alvarez writes, She knows she looks oddly good in her flowered shirtwaist and white sandal heals (70). Referring to Dede, the quote reveals her self interest into her beauty, and her lack of interest in the revolution compared to her other three sisters.Detailed characterization helps give the reader a sense of what each sister is like, and helps them put the story of the Mirabal sisters into place. Alvarez uses the device of foreshadowing brilliantly to develop the plot that will come about later in the story. Alvarez utilizes detailed characterization to allow the reader to personalize the characters and distinguish the differences between the qualities of the four sisters.She uses selection of detail to describe characters, setting, and scenes throughout the book, thus allowing the reader to create a mental image of situations at hand. When putting the three literary devices together, it makes In the Time of the Butterflies a fascinating book that the reader doesnt want to put down. Alvarez does a splendid job of using literary devices including foreshadowing, selection of detail, and detailed characterization to make the heroic story of the Mirabel sisters come alive.

Parent Student Letter re Exams Jan

New Horizons classes bequeath resume on a regular schedule during the Hampton City Schools exam week. Students will therefore be excused from New Horizons classes when they have exams at Hampton High School, but the student needs to share that with the New Horizons teacher in advance. Students whitethorn attend New Horizons when they do not have exams at Hampton High School. Please avoid scheduling dental and medical appointments during the exam period.If illness or some other emergency arises, which prevents a student from being in attendance for a scheduled exam, parents/guardians must communicate with the appropriate teacher(s) to reschedule. If justification for lacking an exam cannot be validated and/or no communication occurs between the parent and the school, the student shall be considered unexcused and will receive a O for the semester exam, regardless of the class average. The Attendance Office whitethorn be reached at 896-5882 for emergencies during the exam period.If a student arrives with an unexcused tardy to an exam period, he/she whitethorn have the remaining time to complete the exam, however additional time will not be provided. If a student arrives with an excused tardy, the teacher may offer additional time prior to the completion of the exam week so that the student has the full 2 hours as needed. Transportation will be the students responsibility. Monday, Jan aura 26th, and Tuesday, January 27th, will be Teacher Workdays. Students will not report on either day.The second semester will begin on a violent Day on January 28th. All 1st block class locations will be posted on the walls. Students may have different courses, teachers or elbow room locations. Students will receive complete 2nd semester schedules from their 1st block teachers. We hope this information helps you prepare for the culmination of the 1st semester of the 2014-2015 school year. We wish all of our students conquest on their exams. Sincerely, The Hampton High School Ad ministrative Team

Fast-Food Gone Bad Essay

An argument is an implicit dialogue that has importance to appeals. This is done by exploitation contrasting elements of an argument, in which the different parts argon the claim (or thesis), the support, the evidence, the warrant, the appeals to the audience, and the counter argument that is being used in the scenario. In this essay that Michele Simon has wrote she examines the un legal choices of the virtually restaurants and explains on how theyre misleading the healthy people in the World.In Michele Simons Even the Healthy Choices at Fast Food Restaurants Are membrane-forming, uses all of the parts and the elements of an argument in her essay. The first statement that Simon makes is In response to sharpening criticism from nutrition advocates, fast-food franchises have added supposedly healthy options to their posters (Simon 473). This would be Simons claim, which would be the thesis statement of her argument. This is what the author or the person who wrote the situation is hard to tell you what theyre trying to answer or trying to conjure in their argument.Arguments typically have three types of claims claim of fact, claim of value, and claim of policy. In Simons argument her thesis is a claim of policy because she is trying to make a solution to figure out there problem and make it snap off so there can be some(prenominal)thing done nearly this or try to make better. We know there are many problems with fast food and Simon sustains her argument by going on and saying different reasons for why this is true in her essay. The warrant is a belief or principle that can be assumed based on the argument.The warrant is never stated in extensive detail, and it must be drawn from statements made by the arguer. While it is not said by Simon her warrant is still lay down and well understood. In Simons argument as implies that fast-food restaurants are not committed to the well being of their patrons (Simon). Also it is said that Simon thinks that fast-fo od restaurants are misleading to consumers who are trying to eat healthy. This also warrants that menu items are misleading and sometimes confusing for the consumer that is buying the product.The consumer could think that they were getting something healthier then a cheeseburger, tho in all truth its actually worse than that cheeseburger. She must appeal to her audience in order to win the argument, by saying that a majority of fast-food restaurants are not telling the truth about their menu items and that there not healthy. The evidence is used to give strength to the argument and to prove the support for the claim. Many forms of evidence are found in examples, statistics, and expert is brought in to give valuable feedback on the argument.Simon provides many forms of evidence to back up her claim that she has possessed. In her first form of evidence she implies The new Happy Meal option, which includes a sugar-loaded caramel dipping sauce (Simon 473). She is implying that this ide a is not much better then French fries because the caramel dipping sauce is full of sugar. Simons next problem was that she mentions instead of a coke, kids can now have orchard apple tree juice or milk (Simon 475). This evidence Simon is trying to say that the apple juice and milk is still full of sugars and its still not near for your children.The next support of evidence for her claim is that she implies that calling the chicken crispy instead of fried is misleading (Simon 474). She mentions that because if a person hears this that would automatically think that this is healthy salad. She is implying that is should just be called fried because so many people could get this confused. The logos support and evidence has support from multiple studies with facts and stats, given as evidence. Ethos supports from appeals to individuals in dealing with menu items and the choices on it. Pathos is used throughout her essay by giving thought to how gangrenous fast-food is.She mentions tha t For a toddler who needs 1,000 calories per day, a Happy Meal consisting of four Chicken McNuggets, small French fries, and a low-fat chocolate milk totals 580 calories, or more than half of a childs daily recommended calorie intake (Simon 475). Simon is saying that no matter what youre getting at a fast-food restaurant its going to be unhealthy for you, and your children. The counter argument Simon takes into consideration the argument opposing her claim, Simon doesnt spend much time about a counter argument, but it is addressed in her essay. Simon grants Go ActiveAdult Happy Meal (Simon 476). Which fell through and done away with because it didnt work. Simon points out In 2004 Ruby Tuesday reduced some portion sizes and added healthier items (Simon 476). Another thing that Simon points out that was that Wendys garnered great press in February 2005 for its bold decision to add fresh fruit to its menu (Simon 476). Simon has all of these examples for the counter argument that the fa st-food industry is getting somewhat better. In conclusion there are many parts of an argument, and Simon uses all of these parts to successfully get her argument across effectively.She makes her claim, and then backs it up with the right support and to make his claim even stronger. Then she successfully gets the warrant across which has great appeal to the audience and is needed to make the claim that much stronger. Then finally Simon uses her counter argument to address to her audience what has been happening in the eld past to try and fix the problem. Works Cited Simon, Michele. Even the Healthy Choices at Fast-Food Restaurants Are Unhealthy. . 473-75. Print. Excerpt from The Purposeful Argument A Practical Guide. Boston Patricia Bostian, 2006. N. pag.

Sampling Techniques

Whenever I conduct a enquiry, most of them combination of both quantitative & qualitative, Ill make sure that the objective is intelligibly written out and discussed with the client. As much as we agree that sampling is very crucial to any form of research, the purpose should always be a priority, or else the sampling methods may go through a lot of movements with no direction at all. Decisions about design, measurement, analysis and reporting all accrue from the purpose of the research. (Patton, 1990).For the offset point Perceptions of job stress among correction officers, the probable purpose of the research is to contribute knowledge that will help people extrapolate the nature of a problem so that there is some kind of a control on their environment. Job stress can be viewed as a human problem. In applied research, the source of questions is in the problems and concerns experienced by people. The purpose of applied research there is to generate potential solutions to the utter human problem.Perhaps, from the qualitative inquiry, a need for stress management program among correction officers may become evident. No matter what the findings are, the researcher must first gather data on the gravity of the job-related stresses being experienced by the correction officers, if they are manageable or not. If the objective of the research is to gain a general understanding of what those perceptions are, therefore, a random sample of sufficient size would be appropriate to be truly representative of and permit generalization to the core population of correction officers.How this sampling will be identified? The researcher will first and foremost identify the number of correction officers from various geographical sites and from there draw a desirable sample size to achieve enough credibility. Get a sample size that represents each penitentiary or house of correction and the level of management they belong (junior officer, senior officer). The cluster is ta ke to concretize the findings and put some direction to where the research is going.The first topic will generally use quantitative sampling through questionnaire, measuring the common pattern and qualitative inquiry like Focus group discussions utilise open ended questions to get an in-depth understanding of the issue or problem. For the second topic Juvenile gang activities, again, there is the question on the purpose of the study. Is the research conducted only to gather a baseline data for further research?There are so many gangs existing in various countries, cities, regular on small towns. The geographical site is one consideration. Identify the meaning of a juvenile gang so as to create a integrated understanding of the sample. The research is quite heterogeneous in nature, so we need to break the sample size. At this point, going underground to get the much needed data is too costly in terms of time and risk unless we break down the research into one single criterion.Also , all gangs are several(predicate) from each other in principle, in all dealings, therefore getting a sample size from one type of juvenile gang is not representative of all, although generally their activities are similar from what weve heard and read in the news. But a concrete data to elevate the observation to a liable finding is the objective of the research. How is this done? Get a sample size, representative of each group. Since the difficulty there is the fieldwork, it is recommended that former gang members can serve as the sample.This is also a good venue to write a case study based from the interviews where information rich data are more probable to come out in the process. Stratified purposeful sampling, illustrates characteristics of particular subgroups of by-line facilitates comparisons. This means, the researcher is also open to opportunistic sampling, following new leads during the research process, fetching advantage of the unexpected. Be flexible, since inter esting details involving the youth, crimes and society, usually follow not just one particular sampling method.For the third topic Sentencing patterns in an urban vs. rural court, the researcher can use Basic research, then the summative evaluation. This involves intensive data gathering and may not cover all urban and rural courts, thus theres a need to identify the sample size based on the total number of courts in a certain area. A Maximum variation sampling is appropriate to purposely pick up a wide range of variation on dimensions of interest and identify important common patterns that cut across variations.

Assessments in a care environment Essay

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Research Paper on Juvenile Court Essay

Age is Just a Number, Right?In the year 1993, a 2-year- gray-haired boy, named Jamie Bulger was taken by two 10-year old boys and was injured and murdered. The two boys rested his body on a railroad track with the intention of blaming the train, which would cover up what they had do (Wilde 1). Cameron Kocher a 9 year old from upstate Pennsylvania shot a rifle discover of the window of his room and killed his 7-year-old neighbor, who was riding on a snowmobile (Schwartz 1). Shocking isnt it? Who would believe children at such a young age could confide such crimes. The real question is what happened to these cases? Do both children get the cobblers last penalty? And if not, what punishment do they receive? Should adolescents get trialed as adults? That question has haunted many for decades now. But before we get through and through any irrational decisions, lets get to the facts. What exactly is a juvenile delinquent? Well its a child who commits acts that would be considered cri mes if done by an adult. A child is considered a juvenile delinquent until they reach the of 18, 17 some states 16 (Britannica 1). Juvenile delinquency can include crimes equal disorderly conduct, minor theft, rape and vandalism (Britannica 1).Juveniles argon usually tried in Juvenile Courts or also known as Family courts. The purpose of juvenile courts is to rehabilitate a delinquent and prevent from repeating manner, instead of sentencing them to jail. The systems rooted in the belief that children have not matured entirely to be awake of their mistakes/ exercises ( Leora). However juvenile courts didnt always exist. It wasnt until in Chicago 1899 the juvenile court of law was startinged. Before this new system, children would be trialed as adults (Britannica 1). star of the very first juvenile cases was in 1786 in colonial snips. Children under the age of seven could not be held guilty for a serious crime. From the ages 8-14 it was say that their legal status was ambiguous . If you were over the age of 14 you would be trialed as an adult (Jeffrey 16 & 17). The contend for a juvenile system wasnt fashioned upon because before the behavior of children was the primary responsibility of the p atomic number 18nts, particularly the father. The community frowned upon those who could not control their children. When juveniles would go to a judge, the judge would just send them to jail for a short while, most of them would return.The idea or system of trialing a juvenile different from an adultdidnt come until the 1900s (Jeffery 17). As the system was created they need to make some regulations or rules for certain occasions. Offenders who were charged with a particular serious crime will go straight to a fitness sense of hearing instead of having a juvenile court jurisdiction. A fitness hearing decides weather they should be trialed as an adult or juvenile. When making the decision they look at the minors degrees of criminal sophistication, if they can be rehabilitated and the juveniles previous cases (Leora 6). Other situations a juvenile may be trialed in an adult be when state laws mandate such processing for certain offenses with a set age and rage statutory exclusion prosecutors decide on a criminal proceeding with limitations found on offense and age prosecutorial discretion and the juvenile court judge decides to waive the case within limits based on offenses and age judicial waver (Britannica 3). A big hassle was the punishment. What would be an effective way? Courts wanted to avoid the death penalty and jail time. In the 1890s a juvenile could be sentenced to a death penalty. It wasnt until 2005 when in the U. S. Supreme Court decided to raise the age for the death penalty to 18 in the Roper v. Simmons case (Britannica 3). In atomic number 31 the death penalty age is 17 (Jeffery 17). Another regulation that was placed, that the court cannot make a jurisdiction that passes the age of 21. No matter what the offense is, ju veniles are to be released at 21.However if the juvenile is trialed in an adult court, than this condition wont apply (Britannica 4). So what is an effective way to help these juveniles? Family courts created all kinds of programs and activities. much(prenominal) as, education based programs that help educate children about the affect of drugs, gangs, sex and weapons (Juvenile 3). This program helps parents in monitoring and responding to a childs behavior (Britannica 1). There are correctional programs known commonly as training schools. Also there are presentational programs. An example of one of these programs is Nebraska punitive youth facility. They have juvenile delinquents that have been trialed in an adult court. The age ranges from 15 to 21. They teach the youth how to change their criminal behavior (juvenile 4). Other solutions for juvenile delinquency are recreational programs.Theyre effective because they fill unsupervised hours after school. It has been reported that youths are most likely commit a crime from 2pm to 8pm. Recreational programs allow youths to becomefriends with adults and children that are good influences (Juvenile 3). However there are many ineffective programs. Back in the 1990s communities where scared for juvenile delinquency to increase so they came to conclusion that the harsher programs were, the better. They had slogans such as get tough on crime and adult time for adult crime. They created programs such as The Juvenile Boot- camp (juvenile 5 & 6). Many people believe that the court it just to easy on their verdicts. So who exactly are these juvenile delinquents? What could cause a child to be so violent? Researchers found similar characteristics that are found in most juveniles. They display impulsive behaviors and difficulty showing gratification. Also more likely to perform poorly in school or droop out all together. Especially in those whose parents do not supervise or enforce any discipline or do not communicate. Als o parents of juveniles are likely to have move a crime them selves (Britannica 1 & 2). The majority of the cases involve males. Female delinquency began to increase in the 1980s in the linked States (Britannica 1). Most researchers who study juveniles believe that there is no single cause.Some study biological factors. Others study how some people learn certain behaviors through affectionate experiences. Sociologist explain that many go into criminal behavior as an adaption to a social environment in which they cant attain their social goals (Britannica 1). Now that you know the facts and some more informationwhat do you think? Should juveniles be trialed as adults? Well I believe that yes they should be. That if they are committing an adult action they should pay for it like an adult. Many argue that children arent aware of what theyre doing. Honestly we sometimes underestimate children and dont really look at what they are capable of. For example, Nathaniel Brazill, a 14 year o ld boy convicted for the murder of his middle school teacher Brazill shot his teacher Barrry Gunrow in the division on the final day of classes (Teen). Who would think that a young boy would do this? Nobody Im guessing, this is clear evidence that we need to pay a closer upkeep to children and not judge them on their age. Another example is, four teenagers, Humberto Guzman, Hassan Mayfield, Denzell Fell and Andrew Johnson, ages 13 and 15. They are accused of a killing a student, Broderick J. Henman by chasing him into a car path way during a robbery attempt.A witness describes that Broderick was running way from the robbers. That they held him and punched him on the side of his head. Healso said that they boys had laughed as the car stuck Broderick (Hartocollis 1 &2). This case strongly shows that these children know exactly what they are doing and have the same intentions as adults. So they shouldnt have special treatment, when they act so brutal and awful. Many children who have committed crimes such as rape, robbery assault, murder and move murder are exempt from being trialed as an adult because of their age (Wilde 1). Does that seem right to you? A child isnt normal if he/she committed such atrocious acts. I think that most or at least part of the blame belongs to parents for their ignorance. I believe they should pay more attention to their children to spot or notice any weird changes in attitudes or behavior. An example of this is, in February 2009 state police found 26 year old Kenzie Hauk in her bed with a bullet straight through her head. She was eight months old pregnant.The murderer was 11 year old Jordan Brown the son of the Fiance (Chen 1).The boy had been jealous of his dads fiance. Does this not grab your attention? This is obviously lack of parenting or communication coming from his father. If he were paying closer attention indeed he couldve spotted that something was going on with his son Now that youve heard a couple of examples I reall y hope you were able to change perspectives if you did not agree in the first place. Just think how the families of these victims feel? Try putting your self in their places? Wouldnt you want the killer to pay for debt every bit? I know I would. So why not avoid this from happening? Parents watch your children more closely and keep communication between you guys if you start to seem them acting up. Act fast, before you son or daughter is sitting in the court waiting for his/her verdict.

The article also explains the porns and corns

This article explains the importance of the skip pushing. The traditional expertness which we argon using is non going to be adequate for our coming(prenominal) ask and that too it r from each oneed its peak. Apart from its inadequate supply it is in any case producing enormous amount of pollution which is questioning the very existence of some living organisms. To over get in these problems switching over to the switch slide fastener usage is a viable option left to us. sluice though it is in any case having its own negative points but it is the best option available now.The article withal explains the porns and corns of al unity the alternate zip sources and the future of alternate skill. It excessively justified the option with some information and how some organizations are planning to set up alternate resource setups. It enlisted the sapless upon elements of a renewable-intensive aptitude future and also the policy initiative that move be taken to encourag e alternate energy proposal. Introduction The bring in land trend is shifting towards the better future of human beings with the available options.There is a big leap towards the alternate energy sources from the traditional sources. We lay active see many an other(prenominal) numbers of reasons for that transition. sustainable development is the main agenda of many conventions now. To comply with these commitments, nations eat up to perpetrate efforts to restrict greenhouse gases and reduce pollutants. By using the fossil fuels it is not possible now. The alternate way to cope up with the present day need and the clean future climate is alternate energy. Primarily there are some important problems with the exiting fuel resources.1. The oil extraction came to saturation level. 2. The fossil fuels are getting fatigue in near future. 3. The present day usage of these fuels is showing alarming signs to the future generations. 4. There is good deal of pollution due to these whi ch is resulting in global warming. To resolve some the problems the alternate method is using of alternate energy. The alternate energy sources available to us are a. Wind energy b. solar energy c. Thermal energy d. Hydroelectric energy.Even though these are recognized as the alternate energy sources and can wipe out the existing problems they too contain their own advantages and disadvantages. Wind energy This is having enormous voltage and doesnt effect the pollution at all. But it depends upon the wind always and we ease up to take sympathize with of them in the large cyclones. Hydroelectric energy This depends on the body of water currents and pollution a locomote from it entrust be very less. But construction of dams forget be expensive and there needs to be enough black market of water. Geo thermal energyGeo thermal energy is produced by harnessing the heat available in the earth crust. whatever quantify hazardous minerals are extracted due to improper drilling and ev en chance of pollutants coming out is there. at once it is built it is self-sufficient. Solar energy The refinement one is the solar energy and there is large disceptation going on how to harness the solar energy? Solar energy is generally used for homework the production of electricity, heating and so forth solar energy is produced by trapping the sunshine into solar prison cells. This sunlight is again converted into electricity and it is stored in appropriate form.This also helps in heating water, heating get on and even air. Advantages It is the best form of renewable source. As the sun is permanent this source of energy is also permanent. There will be no pollution because there is no combustion of fuels. It can be used effectively for the purpose of heating and lighting. This is used more in heating pools, water tanks and saps. Disadvantages Solar energy is produced when sunlight is available and so there is no chance of production in the wickedness and even in cloudy d ays.The get toing up of solar effect stations is very expensive. The Americans can face a biggest challenge of the decades if fuel pump is stopped. The rise in the prices of energy resources has affected all the sectors from a farmer to an office worker, economically. A group of agricultural leaders intimately 2years ago coupled forces in a discussion for addressing this challenge. It was discussed that some of them had anticipated it as a future big issue. Some say that no one can imagine at that time of hurricanes disruptions of supply dramatic swings in the prices, etceteraThat Ag Energy Work Group after spending about six months in probing questions like the role that can be played by the farm sector, their amount of contribution, how to make the ag and forest sectors into leading energy producing sectors, and how to establish an energy alliance felt that the time for the ag companionship has come to get together. The Ag group was convinced terminally after extensive dial ogues that a key role could be played by the agriculture in helping the nation to move towards energy independence.They looked potential of energy from variety of the sources much(prenominal) as solar, wind, methane, biodiesel, etc. they were also convinced that farms, ranches, and forests of the America could be used for the fuels of new generation with a clean and green environment. Ethanol will be one of the best answers to the Americans oil addiction. Emergence of new technologies could make the dream come true. Greater steps have been taken in the manufacturing facilities of ethanol in the past decade that can help in real improvement in the capacity of the fuel source.Similarly the corn hybrids produced by the Seed companies, soy diesel, wind turbines, and methane digesters etc. are also developed and progressed. . Momentum of the 25x25 Work Group has expanded dramatically from its beginning two in its size and scopes and now it is approved by many states governors and sta te legislatures like Indiana, Pennsylvania, Montana, Colorado etc. Electric utilities The Electrical utilities helps in converting one form of energy into another. This energy is full of attraction of its cleanliness and assorted ness, and also it can be moved over large areas almost instantly.There is an increase in the collect for the electrical energy. In the electric power industry, are about 200 investor owned utilities constituting the major contributors generating about 78% of power that will be supplied to about 76% of customers. It is highly hood intensive, in the get together States it is the largest consumer of first energy consuming more than one-third of the total energy demand at the matter level but supplying only one-tenth of it. Now there are solar-powered refrigerators also which flora on 12-volt DC battery.In the 1970s, industrial growth period was ended due to the energy crisis, which led to the rising of the fuel prices subjecting to all the fossil fuels and the s wiped out(p)ing down of the Economic growth. As a consequence operate and maintenance costs were also went high, that would include the supplies and materials, labor costs as well as the administrative expenditures. Therefore costs per kilowatt-hour rose higher, and the increasing price of electricity led to a decline in the sales growth. Further with the increase in the nuclear power and coal power plants the industries financial full term was at a set back.To add to the worries, escalation of the interest rates due to acceleration of inflation has occurred. In that decade, it was felt by most of the people that coal and nuclear power plants can be minus the environment, and argument for the development of new means that can be aiding in the protection of the environment. New environmental and safety regulations were also implemented by the federal government increasing the utility costs to a further extent, also requiring utilities for the purchasing of alternative en ergy sources like that of the solar energy.In the late 1970s the schema of the grow and build for the electric power industry was not plausible as adoption many different strategies has been taken up by the industry, different sections following different tracks based on differing views about the future. Percepting that the economic growth would recover and the renewable energy sources would not be able to meet the needs of the increasing demand, many utilities such as Commonwealth Edison, Carolina Power and Light, Long Island Lighting, etc were followed with the modification of the grow and build strategy.Whereas some other utilities like Duke Power, Potomac Electric Power, Consolidated Edison, which were located in declining demands of energy countries, preferred the capital minimization. Whereas utilities such as Southern California Edison and Pacific Gas and Electric that were present in the areas with rapid increase in the demand for the for the energy, were left with no choi ce except depending on their internal R&D potentials for the exploration of the alternative energy sources as the construction of the nuclear and coal plants was depressed by the set of laws.The diversification of the utilities helps them in the freedom in getting profits. Harnessing of the solar energy The origin of primary energy sources, with the exception of nuclear energy, can be attributed to the ultimate source, the sun. From the sign stages of man on the earth, he has started to use his natural surroundings after a thorough analyzing of it and he is progressing the utilization along with the developmental progress. It was observed in the year 1839, by French physicist Alexander Edmond Becquerel that certain materials could produce electricity when light falls on them, which was termed as photovoltaic effect.After the discovery of this effect, so many substances were studied until the final development of the Solar cell. In solar photovoltaic system, solar energy is converte d directly into electricity by means of silicon wafer photoelectric cells known as solar cells. Solar cells have also been made from polycrystalline silicon wafers as also amorphous silicon films. The advantages of photovoltaic technology such as the ease of operation, reli faculty, minimum maintenance due to lack of moving parts, have been widely recognized.Thus PV systems are suitable for installation in rural areas and isolated locations for a variety of applications such as water pumping for micro irrigation and drinking water supply, community and street lighting, power supplies for microwave repeater station, communications equipment, receiving set and T. V. receivers. Impact Passing of the National Aeronautics and Space Act in July 1958 by the U. S. Congress has disposed(p) a boost to the astronomy. Which will need a key source of power that can last for a longer duration resulting in the launching of the first photovoltaic-powered satellite of the world i.e. Vanguard 1, so lar cell technology got a breakthrough as the success has paved way for larger contracts from NASA as well as expansion of the photovoltaic industry. Finally, hundreds of thousands of solar cells were produced each year by about 4 U. S. companies in the end of 1960s, most assigned for the developing satellite industry. Increase in cell efficiency as well as reductions in cost are the great Achievements in solar cell development during the development of the space programs, but much was desired fro the applications on the earth.Due to the rise of the oil prices in the mid-1970s led to Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program by the funding of U. S. Department of Energy that resulted in the testing of many solar power systems. whiz of the worlds first photovoltaic residences that were named as Solar One was built by the University of Delaware in the year 1973. Apart from the photovoltaic technology there was also growth in the investigations of other solar energy alternatives such as transferring of the solar heat into fluid, which can be used for warming of the buildings, heating the water, and even generation of electricity?Key elements of a renewable-intensive energy future 1. There would be diversity of energy sources. Electricity is produced with many combinations. 2. Biomass would be widely used. 3. With the new electrical storage technologies the intermittent renewable would provide one-third of total electricity. 4. This will introduce new choices and aspiration in energy markets. 5. Natural gas would play a major role which have low capital costs and can quickly adjust their electrical outputs. Policy initiatives 1. Subsidies should be removed or else they should equalize with the renewable sources.2. Taxes should ensure that consumer decisions are based on the full cost of energy. 3. Creation of field institutions to implement renewable energy programs. 4. International funds for energy sector should be diverted to renewable mechanisms. Good poli cy initiative will encourage the transition more quickly which is certain. Future of energy with alternate energy The traditional sources almost entered the point of saturation. There are predictions saying that oil will get exhausted with in another 50-100 years. So the viable option left is the alternate energy.The initial investment will be more but returns will be for prolonged period. Most of the alternate energy sources are from nature itself and there wont be unnecessary interference of other countries. It is very difficult to comply up with the terms and conditions of the oil producing countries. While using the alternate energy sources we can protect our sovereignty of the nations and can minimize wars for oil and also the oil politics of the world can get marginalized. Initially the solar-electric modules were costly. The technological advancement made these cost effective.The average captured energy with photovoltaic was 95 US cents per kilowatt-hour but now it came down to 20 cents per kilowatt-hour. It is still more than the average national price of electricity which is 8 cents. Thin film photovoltaic technology, a high-tech coating which is having ability to convert the solar energy is one of the recent technological development. Now these solar unit power is used every where right from the small houses to the large office buildings. Residential usage of energy will increase by 25% by 2025, so we should be in a position to have an alternate which is permanent and cost effective.As the size of the alternate energy equipment is less than the conventional set up. This helps each and every individual have his own setup. The alternate energy utilization is the need of hour and we cannot put this out. In every transition there will be pain but this will results in large number of benefits in the future. References 1. Sara Wyant, 25x25 building a renewable energy future. Resource Engineering & engineering for a Sustainable World 13. 5 (June-July 2006) p4(1). 2. Marcus, Alfred A. Electric utilities. Environmental Encyclopedia. Ed. Marci Bortman and Peter Brimblecombe.3rd ed. Detroit Gale, 2003. Science Resource Center. Thomson Gale. 08 January 2008, Retrieved on 15 Jan, 2008 from 3. Harnessing Solar Power and Earths Renewable Energy Sources. Science and Its Times. Ed. Neil Schlager and Josh Lauer. Vol. 7. Detroit Gale Group, 2001. Science Resource Center. Thomson Gale. 08 January 2008, Retrieved on 15 Jan, 2008 from http//galenet. galegroup. com. ezproxy. umuc. edu/servlet/SciRC? ste=1&docNum=CV2643450807 4. Is Ethanol/ E85 Fuel the Solution?July 26, 2006, Retrieved on 15 Jan,2008 from 5. Renewable energy sources for fuels and electricity, doubting Thomas B. Johanson, Laurie, Island Press, 1993. 6. 5. The future of Alternative Energy, Cameron Walker, National Geographic News, October 28,2004. Retrieved on 15 Jan,2008 from http//news. nationalgeographic. com/news/2004/10/1028_041028_alternative_energy. html. 7. Jeffrey Yago, (1 998), Solar-powered refrigerators, Backwoods house Magazine, Retrieved on 15 Jan,2008 from http//www. backwoodshome. com/articles2/yago102. html

Cricket World Cup

overcharge play humanness instill is the biggest step to the foreside(a) event of cricket. The starting cricket origination loving cup was vie during 1975 in England (www. wikipedia. org). The beginning collar matches were also recognized as Prudential cupful with the sponsorship of prudential plc, it is a pecuniary services company. Till the1992 cricket population Cup, alone 8 aggroups apply to participate in the tourney. Later on, the number of teams increased and in cricket globe Cup2007, 16 teams had participated. But in 2011 Cricket human Cup 14 teams are participating. IntroductionCricket is a sport that has been play around the world for to a greater extent than eight centuries. It is one of the most well-loved and feverishly watched sports in theworld. It involves two teams with 11 players on apiece side. The police captain who wins the toss decides whether his team bats or bowls first. If they bat first, their aim is to score a bay window of runs and make sure the separate team does not reach that score. Cricket is contend in legion(predicate) fix ups, but the most popular are study cricket And nonpareil mean solar day cricket. In Test cricket game goes on for 5 days, with each team batting twice if cartridge clip permits.One Day is the most popular format, with each team getting 300 b all in alls to score runs. And the other team tries to outpoint them within the same number of balls. One-day cricket originally began surrounded by English County teams in the 1960s. The first one-day international was played in Melbourne, Australia, in 1971, with the quadrennialCricket World Cupbegan in 1975. The Cricket World Cup is organized by the sports governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC). The tourney is the worlds fourth-largest and fourth-most-viewed sporting event. HistoryThe first attempt at any kind of world championship was in 1912, when a three-way series was arranged mingled with the then current Test ac ting nations, Australia, England and southmost Africa. No similar events were held again until 1975. The first ICC World Cup (formally called the Prudential Cup) was in1975, hosted by England (see full list of host countries). This tour signalizent included the six Test-playing nations (England, Australia, unseasoned Zealand, western United States Indies, India and Pakistan), who were joined by Sri Lanka and vitamin E Africa. Following the success of this tournament, it was repeated in 1979 and 1983 in England.After this, the tournament moved to be played in other countries, maintaining a four-year cycle. 60 overs were used for the first three world cups. This was reduced to 50 in 1987 and has been that way since. Women also participate in another Cricket World cup since 1975. Cricket World Cup Hosting Nations England, 1975 This was the first ever Cricket World Cup, officially called the Prudential Cup, and was held from June 7 to June 21, 1975 in England. The tournament was hel d in England as it was considered the only nation at the time that had the resources to stage an event of such magnitude.The matches played consisted of 60 overs per team. Unlike today, all players wore a traditional sporting uniform and red balls were used. on that point were also no night games. thither were 8 participating countries o Australia o England o India o New Zealand o Pakistan o west Indies o Sri lanka o East Africa (composed of players from Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia) The preliminary matches were played in 2 groups of 4 teams. The devolve two teams from each group played the semi utmost examinations, and the winners of these played the final.The final was played at the Lords ground, amidst double-u Indies and Australia, with the favorites the West Indies good-natured by 17 runs. The West Indies scored 291 runs in 60 overs at a loss of 8 wickets. In reply Australia make 274 runs in 58. 4 overs all out. England, 197 England, 1979 This was the second Cri cket World CUP (called the Prudential Cup), held in England amid June 9 to June 23, 1979. The format of games was the same as in the 1975 World Cup (preliminary matches were played in 2 groups of 4 teams, with the top two teams in each group playing the semifinals, and the winners of these playing the final). The final was played at the Lords cricket ground in London betwixt the West Indies and England. The West Indies won by 92 runs. They batted first and made 286 runs in 60 overs at a loss of 9 wickets. In reply, England made 194 runs before being all out after 51 overs. New Zealand and Pakistan were the other semifinalists. in that location were 8 participating countries o Australia o England o India o New Zealand o Pakistan o West Indies o Sri lanka o Canada This tournament saw the introduction of the ICC plunder, a competition used to determine which non-Test playing teams qualified for the World Cup.England, 1983 This was the third gear Cricket World Cup (Called the P rudential Cup). The tournament was held in England for the third consecutive time, between 9 and 25 June 1983. The preliminary matches were played in 2 groups of 4 each as in the anterior two tournaments, though this time each country played the other teams in its group twice. The top two teams in each group qualified for the semifinals, and the winners of this played the final The final was played between India and the West Indies at the Lords ground in England. India scored 183 runs in 54. 4 overs all out.In reply, the West Indies made 140 runs in 52 overs all out, with India winning by 43 runs. There were 8 participating countries o Australia o England o India o New Zealand o Pakistan o West Indies o Sri lanka o Zimbabwe (http//www. sportscanon. com/2011/01/25/1983-cricket-world-cup-summary/) India & Pakistan, 1987 This was the fourth World Cup event (called the Reliance Cup) It was held jointly in India and Pakistan, held from October 9 to November 8, 1987 It was the firs t World Cup held outside of England. The format was unchanged from preceding(prenominal) World Cups, eject for a eduction in the number of overs a team played from 60 to 50. The final was played between Australia and England at the Eden Gardens stadium in Calcutta India. Australia made 253 in their 50 overs with a loss of 5 wickets. In reply, England came up just short, making 246 in their 50 overs for a loss of 8 wickets. Australia winning by 7 runs. Australian David Boon was man of the final match, and the winning captain was Allan Border There were 8 participating countries o Australia o England o India o New Zealand o Pakistan o West Indies o Sri lanka o ZimbabweAustralia and New Zealand, 1992 This was the fifth World Cup event and the first tournament held in the Southern hemisphere. It was also the first tournament to feature an African Test nation, South Africa. This was the first time day/night matches were used and the first tournament to use white cricket balls and colored team uniforms. The leading run scorer of the tournament was Martin Crowe of New Zealand with 456 runs. The leading wicket taker of the tournament was Wasim Akram of Pakistan with 16 wickets The format for this tournament changed from previous years.All teams were in one group and played each other once, rather than in two groups. The top four qualified for the knockout stage which was contested in similar path to the previous events. The final was played between Pakistan and England in Melbourne, Australia. Pakistan made 249 runs in 50 overs for 6 Wickets, compared to Englands original of 227 runs in 49. 2 all out. Pakistan won by 22 Runs. India, Pakistan & Sri Lanka, 1996 At the World Cup in 1996, Australia and West Indies refused to play their matches against Sri Lanka in Sri Lanka due to bail concerns, causing both matches to be awarded to Sri Lanka by default.Also, Sri Lanka was awarded a victory for their semi-final by default against India because of crowd rio ts. This aided their campaign which eventually led to them winning the final. The final was played between Sri Lanka and Australia in Lahore, Pakistan. Australia made 241 runs in 50 overs for a loss of 7 wickets. In reply, Sri Lanka made 245 runs in 46. 2 overs losing only 3 wickets on the way. The final result Sri Lanka by 7 wickets. Eden Garden Stadium (Kolkata) (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1996_Cricket_World_Cup) England, 1999 The 1999 event returned to England after sixteen years. Some matches also held in Ireland, Scotland and the Netherlands. This tournament has a similar group stage format as 1996, though there was a prominent change in the second stage, where a Super Six round replaced the quarter-finals. One of the greatest matches in the ICC World Cup history was the Australia and South Africa tied game in their semi-final. The final was played between Australia and Pakistan at Lords, London. Australia made 133 runs in 20. 1 overs for 2 wickets in reply Pakistan ma de 132 All out in 39 Overs. Australia won by 8 Wickets. (http//breakingnewsonline. et/cricket/6923-1999-cricket-world-cup-at-glance. html) South Africa, Zimbabwe & Kenya, 2003 The 2003 World Cup was held between 9 February and 24 March 2003, in Southern Africa (co-hosted by South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya). The number of teams participating in the event increased from twelve to fourteen. Because of security concerns, Zimbabwe and Kenya won their matches against England and New Zealand by default. The Final was played between Australia and India on 23 March in Johannesburg, South Africa. Australia batted first and made 359 runs in 50 overs losing only 2 wickets.In reply India made 234 after being all out in 39. 2 overs. Australia was coronate champions after beating India by 125 runs. Wanderers Stadium (South Africa) (http//breakingnewsonline. net/cricket/6966-2003-cricket-world-cup-at-glance. html) West Indies, 2007 The 2007 ICC World Cup of Cricket was held in April 2007. I t was the 9th World Cup tournament, and the first time it had been held in the West Indies. The tournament consisted of 16 teams, including all 10 Test playing nations and 6 qualifiers. The 10 Test match playing countries rundown Kenya qualified automatically.The other five teams qualified via the 2005 ICC Trophy. The field of sixteen teams is the largest ever for the Cricket World Cup. The 16 teams were allocated into four groups of four. Within each group, the teams played each other in a round-robin format and the top two teams advanced to a Super 8 round. These eight teams then played in a round-robin format, pull that they did not play the other team that advanced from their respective group. The top four teams from the Super 8 round advanced to the semi-finals, and the winners of the semi-finals then ompeted in the final, held at Kensington Oval in Bridgetown, on 28 April. The first hat-trick plus one (4 wickets in 4 balls) in World Cup history was by Sri Lankan Lasith Ma linga against South Africa (Super Eights South Africa v Sri Lanka at Providence, March 28, 2007) Bangladesh, India & Sri Lank a, 2011 The 2011 Cricket World Cup was held in Bangladesh, India & Sri Lanka. It was World Cup tournament, and the first time it had been held in the Bangladesh. Pakistan was originally going to co-host this event but due to security concerns in the years leading up to the event Pakistans hosting rights were revoked. The format of the tournament has been revised from previous events, and 14 teams will participate instead of 16. The new format ensures that each team gets to play a minimum of six matches even if they are ruled out of the tournament due to early defeats. pic Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium. Mirpur, Dhaka (Outside Part) (http//dhakadailyphoto. blogspot. com/2011/02/dhaka-set-for-world-cup-cricket-2011. html) Cricket World Cup Firsts 1. The first world cup was held in 1975 in England. 2. The first world cup held outside England was in 1987 in Ind ia and Pakistan 3. The first time day/night matches was used was in 1992. . The first tournament to use white cricket balls and colored team uniforms was 1992. 5. The first tournament to feature an African Test nation, South Africa, was in 1992. 6. The first team to remain undefeated passim the whole tournament was Australia in 2003. They repeated this feat in the 2007 tournament. 7. The first hat-trick at the World Cup was by Indian Chetan Sharma in a game against New Zealand in 1987 www. images. google. com Chetan Sharma Trophy The current Trophy awarded to the winners of the ICC Cricket World Cup was created for the 1999 championships.It is the first permanent prize in the tournaments history. The trophy was developed by a team of craftsmen from Garrard, the Crown Jewelers. It was designed and produced in London within two months. Cricket World Cup Trophy The trophy is 60 cm high, made from silver and gild and features a deluxe globe held up by three silver columns. The colu mns, shaped as stumps and bails, represent the three radical aspects of cricket batting, bowling and fielding, while the globe represents the world and a cricket ball. The trophy is designed so that it can be instantly recognized from any angle. The trophy weighs approximately 11 kilograms and has the names of the previous winners inscribed on its base. There is still room for a further ten teams to have their name inscribed on the base. The actual trophy is always kept by the International Cricket Council. A replica is presented to the winning team, which is identical in all aspects apart from the inscription of the previous champions. (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup_Trophy) Cricket World Cup awards Since 1992, one player has been declared as Man of the Tournament at the end of the World Cup finals Year Player Performance details 1992 Martin Crowe 456 runs 1996 Sanath Jayasuria 221 runs and 7 wickets 1999 Lance Kluserner 281 runs and 17 wickets 2003 Sachin Te ndulker 673 runs and 2 wickets 2007 Glen McGrath 26 wickets 2011 Yuvraj Singh 362 runs and 15 wickets (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup_awards) ConclusionCricket World Cup is the most premier international championship of mens One Day International Cricket. It has huge fan following in the world, especially in South Asia. In South Asia cricket is like religion . When ever world cup comes to the people of this region deceased mad. Successive World Cup tournaments have generated increasing media attention as One-Day International cricket has occasion more established. References http//www. wikipedia. org http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1975_Cricket_World_Cup http//cricketfreaks. contentcreatorz. com/cricket-world-cup-1979-cricket-histor y/ http//www. sportscanon. com/2011/01/25/1983-cricket-world-cup-summary/ http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1987_Cricket_World_Cup http//en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/1992_Cricket_World_Cup http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1996_Cricket_World_Cup ht tp//breakingnewsonline. net/cricket/6923-1999-cricket-world-cup-at-glance. html http//breakingnewsonline. net/cricket/6966-2003-cricket-world-cup-at-glance. html http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2007_Cricket_World_Cup http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup_Trophy http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup_awards Lords Cricket Ground pic pic (http//cricketfreaks. contentcreatorz. com/cricket-world-cup-1979-cricket-history/) (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1975_Cricket_World_Cup) (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1987_Cricket_World_Cup)